<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "journalpublishing3.dtd">
 <article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud Mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>SM</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM202</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2016.016</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Review article</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>Does salt addiction exist?</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
      <trans-title>Does salt addiction exist?</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Does salt addiction exist?</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>José Alberto</surname>
       <given-names>Soto-Escageda</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Bruno</surname>
       <given-names>Estañol Vidal</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Carlos Alejandro</surname>
       <given-names>Vidal-Victoria</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Anaclara</surname>
       <given-names>Michel Chávez</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Manuel Antonio</surname>
       <given-names>Sierra-Beltran</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Héctor</surname>
       <given-names>Bourges-Rodríguez</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán (INCMNZS), Mexico.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0002">
     <label>2</label>
     Academic Division of Health Sciences, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Mexico.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0003">
     <label>3</label>
     Direction of Nutrition, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico.
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondence: Dr. Bruno Estañol Vidal, Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán (INCMNZS). Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez secc. XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, México. Tel: 55 5568 - 3450. E-mail: bestanol@hotmail.com
      <email xlink:href="bestanol@hotmail.com">bestanol@hotmail.com</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2016</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>39</volume>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <fpage>175</fpage>
    <lpage>181</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>18</day>
      <month>09</month>
      <year>2015</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>06</day>
      <month>05</month>
      <year>2016</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>08</day>
      <month>06</month>
      <year>2016</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="en">Abstract
Background. Salt consumption activates the brain reward system, inducing cravings and the search for salted food. Its excessive intake is associated with high blood pressure and obesity. The high quantity of salt in processed food is most likely a major cause of the global pandemic of hypertension (HT).
Objective. To review the current information on the topic of salt addiction and the health consequences this has.
Method. A search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost databases was conducted with the keywords &ldquo;salt&rdquo;, &ldquo;salt addiction&rdquo;, and &ldquo;food addiction&rdquo;. Articles with information relative to the topic of interest were checked, as were references of those articles and historical and culturally complementary information.
Results. We described the historical relationship between man and salt, the physiology of salty taste perception, its role in the reward system and the health consequences of a high sodium diet.
Discussion and conclusion. There is physiological and behavioural evidence that some people may develop a true addiction to food. Among these people, salt addiction seems to be of great importance in the development of obesity, HT and other diseases. Sodium is present in high quantities in processed food as salt and monosodium glutamate (MSG), used as flavour enhancers and food preservatives, including in non-salty foods like bread and soft drinks.</abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">Resumen
Antecedentes. El consumo de sal activa el sistema de recompensa cerebral, induciendo el deseo y b&uacute;squeda de alimentos salados. Su ingesta excesiva se asocia a presi&oacute;n arterial elevada y obesidad. La gran cantidad de sal en los alimentos procesados ha permitido que la hipertensi&oacute;n (HT) se instale hoy d&iacute;a como una pandemia.
Objetivo. Revisar la bibliograf&iacute;a existente en el tema de adicci&oacute;n a la sal y sus consecuencias en la salud.
M&eacute;todo. Se realiz&oacute; una b&uacute;squeda en bases de datos PubMed, EBSCOhost y ScienceDirect con las palabras claves &ldquo;salt&rdquo;, &ldquo;salt addiction&rdquo;, &ldquo;food addiction&rdquo;; se revisaron los art&iacute;culos que contuvieran informaci&oacute;n relativa al tema de inter&eacute;s as&iacute; como referencias en estos mismos art&iacute;culos e informaci&oacute;n hist&oacute;rica y cultural complementaria.
Resultados. Describimos la relaci&oacute;n hist&oacute;rica entre el hombre y la sal, los mecanismos fisiol&oacute;gicos de percepci&oacute;n del sabor salado, su acci&oacute;n sobre el sistema de recompensa y las consecuencias en la salud de una dieta alta en sodio.
Discusi&oacute;n y conclusi&oacute;n. Existe evidencia fisiol&oacute;gica y comportamental de que las personas pueden desarrollar una verdadera adicci&oacute;n a la ingesti&oacute;n de alimentos. Entre estas personas la adici&oacute;n a la sal juega un papel muy importante para el desarrollo de obesidad, hipertensi&oacute;n y otras enfermedades. El sodio est&aacute; presente en altas cantidades en los alimentos procesados en forma de sal y glutamato monos&oacute;dico (MSG), usados como conservadores o aditivos alimentarios, incluso en alimentos no salados como harinas y refrescos dulces.</trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>Salt</kwd>
     <kwd>salt addiction</kwd>
     <kwd>food addiction</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>Sal</kwd>
     <kwd>adicción a la sal</kwd>
     <kwd>adicción a los alimentos</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

