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  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud Mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>SM</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM217</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2016.029</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Original articles</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>Effects of aerobic exercise training and cranial electrotherapy stimulation on the stress-related hormone, the neurotrophic factor, and mood states in obese middle-aged women: a pilot clinical trial</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
      <trans-title>Effects of aerobic exercise training and cranial electrotherapy stimulation on the stress-related hormone, the neurotrophic factor, and mood states in obese middle-aged women: a pilot clinical trial</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Effects of aerobic exercise training and cranial electrotherapy stimulation on the stress-related hormone, the neurotrophic factor, and mood states in obese middle-aged women: a pilot clinical trial</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Su-Youn</surname>
       <given-names>Cho</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Wi-Young</surname>
       <given-names>So</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Hee-Tae</surname>
       <given-names>Roh</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0002">
     <label>2</label>
     Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0003">
     <label>3</label>
     Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondence: Hee-Tae Roh, College of Arts and Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-51-200-7835. Fax: 82-51-200-7805. E-mail: dau0409@dau.ac.kr
      <email xlink:href="dau0409@dau.ac.kr">dau0409@dau.ac.kr</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2016</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>39</volume>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <fpage>249</fpage>
    <lpage>256</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>16</day>
      <month>12</month>
      <year>2015</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>19</day>
      <month>08</month>
      <year>2016</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>30</day>
      <month>09</month>
      <year>2016</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="en"><title>Introduction.</title><p>Obesity, a global pandemic, has been reported as a potential cause of various diseases, including high blood pressure, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.</p><title>Objective.</title><p>The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of regular aerobic exercise and cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on the stress-related hormone, the neurotrophic factor, and mood states in obese women.</p><title>Method.</title><p>The subjects for this study were 36 obese middle-aged Korean women. Subjects were randomly divided into a control group (CON, n = 12), an aerobic exercise group (EX, n = 12), and an aerobic exercise and CES group (EX + CES, n = 12). CES was conducted with a micro current cranial electrotherapy stimulator for 20 minutes at 100 μA and 0.5 Hz. Aerobic exercise consisted of treadmill running for 40 minutes at 70% of the subjects’ heart rate reserve (HRR). Mood state was measured by the profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire, and blood collection was performed to examine levels of stress-related hormones (cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]) and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and nerve growth factor [NGF]) before and after each intervention.</p><title>Results.</title><p>Plasma cortisol levels, as well as scores for Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, and Fatigue-Inertia were significantly decreased after intervention when compared with pre-intervention measurements in the EX and EX+CES groups (p &lt; .05). Serum BDNF levels, serum NGF levels, and Vigor-Activity scores were significantly increased after intervention when compared with pre-intervention measurements in the EX and EX+CES groups (p &lt; .05). However, there was no significant difference in these findings between the EX and EX+CES groups (p &gt; .05).</p><title>Discussion and conclusion.</title><p>These results suggest that aerobic exercise training could improve the mood state of obese middle-aged women through a decrease in serum cortisol and an increase in serum BDNF and NGF.</p></abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="es"><title>Introducción.</title><p>La obesidad, una pandemia mundial, se ha reportado como una posible causa de diversas enfermedades, incluyendo presión arterial alta, diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares.</p><title>Objetivo.</title><p>El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar los efectos de ocho semanas de ejercicio aeróbico regular y la estimulación eléctrica craneal (CES) sobre la hormona relacionada con el estrés, el factor neurotrófico, y los estados de ánimo en mujeres obesas.</p><title>Método.</title><p>Los sujetos de este estudio fueron 36 mujeres coreanas de mediana edad con obesidad. Los sujetos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo control (CON, n = 12), un grupo de ejercicio aeróbico (EX, n = 12) y un grupo de ejercicio y CES aeróbico grupo (EX + CES, n = 12). CES se llevó a cabo con una corriente estimulador de electroterapia craneal micro durante 20 minutos a 100 μA y 0,5 Hz. El ejercicio aeróbico consistía en carrera en cinta rodante durante 40 minutos a 70% de reserva de frecuencia cardíaca de los sujetos (HRR). El estado de ánimo se midió por el perfil de los estados de ánimo (POMS), y la extracción de sangre se realizó para examinar los niveles de las hormonas relacionadas con el estrés (cortisol y la hormona adrenocorticotrópica [ACTH]) y factores neurotróficos (factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro [BDNF] y factor de crecimiento nervioso [NGF]) antes y después de cada intervención.</p><title>Resultados.</title><p>Los niveles de cortisol en plasma, así como las puntuaciones de tensión-ansiedad, depresión, abatimiento, y fatiga-inercia, se redujeron significativamente después de la intervención, en comparación con las mediciones previas a la intervención en los grupos EX y EX + CES (p &lt; .05). Los niveles séricos de BDNF, los niveles de NGF en suero y las puntuaciones Vigor-Actividad aumentaron significativamente después de la intervención, en comparación con las mediciones previas a la intervención en los grupos EX y EX+CES (p &lt; .05). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencia significativa en estos hallazgos entre la EX y los grupos EX + CES (p &gt; .05).</p><title>Discusión y conclusión.</title><p>Estos resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento con ejercicio aeróbico podría mejorar el estado de ánimo de las mujeres obesas de mediana edad por medio de una disminución en el cortisol sérico y un aumento en el suero BDNF y NGF.</p></trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>Aerobic exercise</kwd>
     <kwd>cranial electrotherapy stimulation</kwd>
     <kwd>mood</kwd>
     <kwd>obesity</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>Ejercicio aeróbico</kwd>
     <kwd>estimulación de electroterapia craneal</kwd>
     <kwd>estado de ánimo</kwd>
     <kwd>obesidad</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

