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  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud Mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>SM</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM1143</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2016.035</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Artículo original</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>Adherencia a la medicación antipsicótica en pacientes indígenas con esquizofrenia</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
      <trans-title>Adherence to antipsychotic medication in indigenous patients with schizophrenia</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Adherencia a la medicación antipsicótica en pacientes indígenas con esquizofrenia</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Alejandra</surname>
       <given-names>Caqueo-Urízar</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Alfonso</surname>
       <given-names>Urzúa-M</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Claudia</surname>
       <given-names>Miranda-Castillo</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Matías</surname>
       <given-names>Irarrázaval</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">4</xref>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0005">5</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0002">
     <label>2</label>
     Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0003">
     <label>3</label>
     Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0004">
     <label>4</label>
     Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0005">
     <label>5</label>
     Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, Santiago, Chile.
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondencia: Dra. Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar. Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá. Avenida 18 de Septiembre 2222, Arica, Chile. Tel: (56-58) 220 - 5622. E-mail: acaqueo@uta.cl
      <email xlink:href="acaqueo@uta.cl">acaqueo@uta.cl</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2016</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>39</volume>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <fpage>303</fpage>
    <lpage>310</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>18</day>
      <month>12</month>
      <year>2015</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>26</day>
      <month>09</month>
      <year>2016</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>07</day>
      <month>12</month>
      <year>2016</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="es">Resumen
Introducci&oacute;n. La falta de adherencia a la medicaci&oacute;n antipsic&oacute;tica sigue siendo un problema en el tratamiento de pacientes con esquizofrenia, m&aacute;s a&uacute;n en poblaci&oacute;n ind&iacute;gena.
Objetivo. Evaluar las diferencias en la adherencia farmacol&oacute;gica, medida a trav&eacute;s de la actitud hacia los antipsic&oacute;ticos, entre pacientes aymara y no-aymara con esquizofrenia.
M&eacute;todo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por pacientes que recib&iacute;an tratamiento en los Servicios P&uacute;blicos de Salud Mental de Bolivia (32.8%), Per&uacute; (33.6%) y Chile (33.6%). Se utiliz&oacute; el Inventario de Actitud hacia la Medicaci&oacute;n (DAI-10); la Escala Barnes de Acatisia (EBA) como medida de efectos secundarios y la Escala para el S&iacute;ndrome Positivo y Negativo de la Esquizofrenia (PANSS) para evaluar la severidad del trastorno.
Resultados. Los pacientes aymara presentan una menor adherencia que los pacientes no-aymara, sin embargo, estas diferencias no fueron significativas (t = 1.29; p = 0.19). La severidad del trastorno y la edad mostraron una asociaci&oacute;n significativa con la adherencia, observ&aacute;ndose que pacientes m&aacute;s j&oacute;venes y con mayor sintomatolog&iacute;a presentan una actitud m&aacute;s negativa hacia los f&aacute;rmacos.
Discusi&oacute;n y conclusi&oacute;n. Se discute c&oacute;mo las din&aacute;micas migratorias han promovido la p&eacute;rdida de tradiciones y costumbres propias de la etnia promoviendo la adopci&oacute;n de estilos de vida nuevos y cada vez m&aacute;s interculturales, e incluso cambiando su concepci&oacute;n de la enfermedad mental.
Los profesionales tratantes deben estar conscientes de no aplicar estereotipos en cuanto a la relaci&oacute;n etnia-antipsic&oacute;ticos.</abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">Abstract
Introduction. Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication remains a complex problem in the treatment of schizophrenia patients, especially in indigenous population.
Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the differences in drug adherence, measured by the attitude towards the antipsychotics among Aymara and Non-Aymara patients with schizophrenia.
Method. The sample consisted of patients receiving treatment in the Mental Health Public Services in Bolivia (32.8%), Peru (33.6%) and Chile (33.6%). We used the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10); the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS), as a measure of side effects, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to assess the severity of the disorder.
Results. The findings showed that Aymara patients present less adherence than Non-Aymara people; however, these differences were not significant (t = 1.29; p = 0.19). The severity of the disorder, as well as the age, showed a significant association with adherence, revealing that younger patients and with greater symptoms presented a more negative attitude toward the drugs.
Discussion and conclusion. The lack of significant differences between the groups responds to three possible reasons: 1. This sample of indigenous patients is integrated on Mental Health Services that offer a clear biomedical approach where drug therapy is the primary treatment. 2. It is possible that these indigenous patients are changing their conception of mental disorder, and 3. A significant number of families have migrated to urban areas. These migratory dynamics have promoted the loss of traditions and customs of the ethnic group, which gradually adopts new and intercultural lifestyles. Professionals should be warned about applying stereotypes regarding the relationship between ethnicity and antipsychotics.</trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>Palabras claves: Indígenas</kwd>
     <kwd>esquizofrenia</kwd>
     <kwd>adherencia</kwd>
     <kwd>medicación</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>Indigenous</kwd>
     <kwd>schizophrenia</kwd>
     <kwd>adherence</kwd>
     <kwd>medication</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

