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  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>sm</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM4383</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2017.003</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Original articles</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>Comparison of levels of anxiety and depression between women and men living with HIV of a Mexico City clinic</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
      <trans-title>Comparación de niveles de ansiedad y depresión entre mujeres y hombres de una clínica de la Ciudad de México que viven con VIH</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Comparison of levels of anxiety and depression between women and men living with HIV of a Mexico City clinic</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Nancy Patricia</surname>
       <given-names>Caballero-Suárez</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Evelyn</surname>
       <given-names>Rodríguez Estrada</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>María</surname>
       <given-names>Candela-Iglesias</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Gustavo</surname>
       <given-names>Reyes-Terán</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER).
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondence: Nancy Patricia Caballero Suárez. Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City. Phone: +52 (55) 5666-7985 ext. 169. E-mail: nancy.caballero@cieni.org.mx
      <email xlink:href="nancy.caballero@cieni.org.mx">nancy.caballero@cieni.org.mx</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2017</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>40</volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <fpage>15</fpage>
    <lpage>22</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>18</day>
      <month>10</month>
      <year>2016</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>26</day>
      <month>01</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>25</day>
      <month>04</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="en">Introduction. Studies show that women with HIV have higher depression, anxiety symptoms and worse quality of life than men with HIV, but limited data on mental health status of people living with HIV (PLWH) is available in Mexico, hindering the development of specific mental health interventions. Objective. To compare the frequency and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms between men and women of a HIV specialized clinic of Mexico City. Method. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey on condom use and serostatus disclosure carried out between 2012-2013. Data from Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and sociodemographic characteristics were included in this study. Non-parametric tests were used to compare sociodemographic, clinical and psychological variables and odds ratio were calculated. Results. 291 PLWH were included, 13.1% (n = 38) were women. Significant differences between genders were found in sociodemographic variables (age, marital status, occupation, education, sexual orientation), but not in clinical variables. Depression symptoms were present in 45% of women versus 18.6% of men (x2 = 13.17, p &lt; .001) and anxiety symptoms were present in 47.4% of women and 30% of men (x2 = 4.53, p = .033). In unadjusted analysis, women had 3.5 times higher risk than men of presenting depression symptoms (OR = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.61-7.65, p &lt; .001) and 2 times higher risk of having anxiety symptoms than men (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 0.98-4.42, p &lt; .033). Discussion and conclusion. An important percentage of participants had depression and anxiety symptoms; women showed greater frequency and severity of symptoms as well as greater socioeconomic vulnerability. Mental health interventions are needed and should take into consideration the gender specific differences.</abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">Introducci&oacute;n. Los estudios muestran que las mujeres con VIH presentan m&aacute;s s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n, ansiedad y peor calidad de vida que los hombres con VIH. As&iacute; mismo, existen datos limitados sobre la salud mental de las personas que viven con VIH (PVVIH) en M&eacute;xico, lo que dificulta el desarrollo de intervenciones espec&iacute;ficas de salud mental. Objetivo. Comparar la frecuencia y la gravedad de los s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n y ansiedad entre hombres y mujeres de una cl&iacute;nica especializada en VIH de la Ciudad de M&eacute;xico. M&eacute;todo. Los datos derivan de un estudio transversal sobre uso de cond&oacute;n y revelaci&oacute;n del diagn&oacute;stico realizado entre 2012-2013. Los datos del Inventario de Depresi&oacute;n (BDI), Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y sociodemogr&aacute;ficos se incluyeron en este estudio. Se utilizaron pruebas no param&eacute;tricas para comparar las variables sociodemogr&aacute;ficas, cl&iacute;nicas y psicol&oacute;gicas, y se calcul&oacute; raz&oacute;n de momios. Resultados. Participaron 291 PVVIH; 13.1% (n = 38) fueron mujeres. Se encontraron diferencias en variables sociodemogr&aacute;ficas (edad, estado civil, ocupaci&oacute;n, escolaridad, orientaci&oacute;n sexual), pero no en variables cl&iacute;nicas. El 45% de las mujeres presentaron s&iacute;ntomas depresivos versus 18.6% de los hombres (x2 = 13.17, p &lt; .001), mientras que 47.4% de las mujeres versus 30% de los hombres presentaron s&iacute;ntomas de ansiedad (x2 = 4.53, p = .033). En un an&aacute;lisis no ajustado, las mujeres tuvieron 3.5 m&aacute;s riesgo de presentar depresi&oacute;n que los hombres (OR = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.61-7.65, p &lt; .001), y 2 veces m&aacute;s riesgo de tener ansiedad (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 0.98-4.42, p &lt; .033). Discusi&oacute;n y conclusi&oacute;n. Presentaron s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n y ansiedad un porcentaje importante de los participantes. Las mujeres mostraron mayor frecuencia y gravedad de s&iacute;ntomas, y mayor vulnerabilidad socioecon&oacute;mica. Las intervenciones de salud mental son necesarias, deben tomar en cuenta las diferencias por g&eacute;nero.</trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>HIV</kwd>
     <kwd>depression</kwd>
     <kwd>anxiety</kwd>
     <kwd>gender</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>VIH</kwd>
     <kwd>depresión</kwd>
     <kwd>ansiedad</kwd>
     <kwd>sexo</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

