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  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud Mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>sm</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM4428</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2017.019</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Original article</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>Energy imbalance and psychosocial imbalance in the construction of child obesity in a marginalized area of Mexico City</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
      <trans-title>Desbalance energético y desbalance psicosocial en la construcción de la obesidad infantil en una zona marginada de la Ciudad de México</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Energy imbalance and psychosocial imbalance in the construction of child obesity in a marginalized area of Mexico City</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Bernardo</surname>
       <given-names>Turnbull</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Marco</surname>
       <given-names>González Unzaga</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Gloria Oliva</surname>
       <given-names>Martínez Andrade</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Rocío</surname>
       <given-names>Sánchez García</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Ericka</surname>
       <given-names>Escalante Izeta</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">4</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0002">
     <label>2</label>
     Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0003">
     <label>3</label>
     Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología y Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0004">
     <label>4</label>
     Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana.
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondence: Marco Aurelio González Unzaga. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Ex-Hacienda La Concepción, Tilcuautla, Municipio de San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, C.P. 04216. Phone: 52+ (55) 1240-8879. Email: marcounzaga@gmail.com
      <email xlink:href="marcounzaga@gmail.com">marcounzaga@gmail.com</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2017</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>40</volume>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <fpage>149</fpage>
    <lpage>156</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>31</day>
      <month>03</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>03</day>
      <month>07</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>21</day>
      <month>08</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="en">Introduction. Child obesity is a growing phenomenon and marginalized communities in Mexico City are not exempt from it. The results achieved by frequent preventive and remedial interventions are still unacceptable. Objective. To contribute to the understanding of the growing problem of child obesity and overweight through a community health approach capable of transcending the biological perspective in order to improve interventions. Method. We observed and interviewed a sample of school children, some overweight, some obese, and some with a normal BMI. All observations and interviews were carried out in the children&rsquo;s daily environment. We also interviewed some of their mothers. Together with our field notes, we analyzed these testimonies to construct the Grounded Theory that is the output of the present study. Results. We found the children and their families immersed in a toxic environment that, through several mechanisms, fosters the consumption of high-density foods and discourages physical activity. We also found that the resources and competencies that families could use to fend off this environment are, at present, very limited. Discussion and conclusion. We concluded that the energy imbalance in overweight and obese children&rsquo;s bodies corresponds to an abysmal psychosocial imbalance between the forces that foster obesity and the resources of the families affected by it. Any intervention aimed at preventing obesity must take this psychosocial imbalance into account.</abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">Introducci&oacute;n. La obesidad infantil es un fen&oacute;meno creciente del cual no quedan exentas las comunidades marginales de la Ciudad de M&eacute;xico. Las intervenciones preventivas y remediales son frecuentes, pero sus impactos todav&iacute;a no son aceptables. Objetivo. Contribuir a la comprensi&oacute;n del fen&oacute;meno creciente de la obesidad y el sobrepeso infantil con una visi&oacute;n de salud comunitaria, que trascienda la visi&oacute;n biol&oacute;gica del problema y mejore las intervenciones. M&eacute;todo. En su entorno escolar y comunitario observamos y entrevistamos a escolares, unos con obesidad o sobrepeso y otros con &iacute;ndice de masa corporal normal. Tambi&eacute;n entrevistamos a las madres de algunos de ellos. Analizamos estos testimonios y nuestras notas de campo para construir la Teor&iacute;a Fundamentada producto de este estudio. Resultados. Encontramos a los ni&ntilde;os y sus familias inmersos en un ambiente t&oacute;xico que, por m&uacute;ltiples mecanismos, promueve el consumo de alimentos de alta densidad e inhibe la actividad f&iacute;sica. Encontramos tambi&eacute;n que los recursos y habilidades con que las familias podr&iacute;an resistir a este ambiente son, por lo pronto, muy reducidos. Discusi&oacute;n y conclusi&oacute;n. Concluimos que el desbalance energ&eacute;tico en el cuerpo de los ni&ntilde;os con sobrepeso corresponde a un enorme desbalance psicosocial entre las fuerzas que promueven la obesidad y los recursos de las familias que la sufren. Toda intervenci&oacute;n preventiva debe tomar en cuenta este desequilibrio psicosocial.</trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>Pediatric obesity</kwd>
     <kwd>social environment</kwd>
     <kwd>toxic</kwd>
     <kwd>Grounded Theory</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>Obesidad pediátrica</kwd>
     <kwd>social</kwd>
     <kwd>medio ambiente</kwd>
     <kwd>tóxico</kwd>
     <kwd>Teoría Fundamentada</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

