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  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud Mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>sm</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM4481</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2017.026</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Original article</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>Association between depressive symptoms and psychosocial factors and perception of maternal self-efficacy in teenage mothers</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
      <trans-title>Association between depressive symptoms and psychosocial factors and perception of maternal self-efficacy in teenage mothers</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Association between depressive symptoms and psychosocial factors and perception of maternal self-efficacy in teenage mothers</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Ma. Asunción</surname>
       <given-names>Lara</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Pamela</surname>
       <given-names>Patiño</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Laura</surname>
       <given-names>Navarrete</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Zaira</surname>
       <given-names>Hernández</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Lourdes</surname>
       <given-names>Nieto</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0002">
     <label>2</label>
     Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Monterrey, México.
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondence: Ma. Asunción Lara Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14370, Ciudad de México, México. Phone: +52 (55) 4160 5170 Fax: +52 (55) 5513 3446 Email: laracan@imp.edu.mx
      <email xlink:href="laracan@imp.edu.mx">laracan@imp.edu.mx</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2017</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>40</volume>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <fpage>201</fpage>
    <lpage>208</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>30</day>
      <month>11</month>
      <year>2016</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>06</day>
      <month>09</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>19</day>
      <month>10</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="en">Introduction. Teenage pregnancy is a national health priority. Having to deal with pregnancy during adolescence can cause the mother, at an already vulnerable age, to doubt her maternal capacity to cope with a challenge of this magnitude. The teenage mother&rsquo;s assessment of her maternal self-efficacy is associated with her performance, in other words, the way she relates and responds to the needs of her infant, which has major implications for the latter&rsquo;s development. Objective. To study the association between personal (depressive symptoms, self-esteem) and environmental characteristics (social support, partner satisfaction) and those of the infant (problems with infant care, the infants&rsquo;s temperament) and the perception of maternal self-efficacy (PME) in adolescent mothers. Method. Cross-sectional study. The following instruments were applied: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Post-partum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R), and Maternal Efficacy Questionnaire to 120 mothers under 20 during the first six months postpartum. Bivariate lineal regression and hierarchical linear regression analyses were used for the data analysis. Results. When adjusting for other variables, symptoms of depression and difficult infant temperament were associated with lower PME. Social support was only associated with increased PME in the bivariate analysis. Discussion and conclusion. These findings contribute to the limited literature on the subject and provide elements for designing strategies to improve adolescent mothers&rsquo; PME to encourage behaviors that are more relevant and sensitive to infants&rsquo; physical and emotional needs.</abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">Introducci&oacute;n. El embarazo adolescente es una prioridad nacional para la salud. Enfrentar un embarazo durante la adolescencia puede hacer que la madre, a una edad de por s&iacute; vulnerable, dude de su capacidad materna ante un reto de esta magnitud. La valoraci&oacute;n que hace de su eficacia materna se asocia con su desempe&ntilde;o, esto es, con la manera de relacionarse y responder a las necesidades de su infante, misma que tiene consecuencias determinantes en el desarrollo de &eacute;ste. Objetivo. Estudiar la asociaci&oacute;n entre caracter&iacute;sticas personales (s&iacute;ntomas depresivos, autoestima), ambientales (apoyo social, satisfacci&oacute;n con la pareja) y del infante (problemas con el cuidado del infante, temperamento infantil) con la percepci&oacute;n de eficacia materna (PEM) en madres adolescentes. M&eacute;todo. Estudio transversal. Se aplicaron: Escala de Depresi&oacute;n del Centro de Estudios Epidemiol&oacute;gicos (CES-D), Inventario de Predictores de Depresi&oacute;n Posparto Revisado (PDPI-R) y Cuestionario de Eficacia Materna a 120 madres menores de 20 a&ntilde;os durante el primer semestre posparto. Para los an&aacute;lisis de datos se usaron regresiones lineales bivariadas y an&aacute;lisis de regresi&oacute;n lineal jer&aacute;rquica. Resultados. Al ajustar por otras variables, los s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n y el temperamento infantil dif&iacute;cil se asociaron con m&aacute;s baja PEM. El apoyo social se asoci&oacute; con mayor PEM s&oacute;lo en los an&aacute;lisis bivariados. Discusi&oacute;n y conclusi&oacute;n. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la escasa literatura sobre el tema y proveen elementos para el dise&ntilde;o de estrategias que mejoren la PEM en madres adolescentes para favorecer conductas m&aacute;s pertinentes y sensibles ante las necesidades f&iacute;sicas y emocionales de los infantes.</trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>Postpartum depression</kwd>
     <kwd>maternal self-efficacy</kwd>
     <kwd>adolescents</kwd>
     <kwd>psychosocial factors</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>Depresión posparto</kwd>
     <kwd>eficacia materna</kwd>
     <kwd>adolescentes</kwd>
     <kwd>factores psicosociales</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

