<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "journalpublishing3.dtd">
 <article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud Mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>sm</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM4483</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2017.028</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Original article</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>Association between internalized homophobia and mental health indicators in LGBT individuals in Mexico City</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
      <trans-title>Asociación de la homofobia internalizada con indicadores de salud mental en personas LGBT de la Ciudad de México</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Association between internalized homophobia and mental health indicators in LGBT individuals in Mexico City</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Ignacio</surname>
       <given-names>Lozano-Verduzco</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Julián Alfredo</surname>
       <given-names>Fernández-Niño</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Ricardo</surname>
       <given-names>Baruch-Domínguez</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">4</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Área Académica 3, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0002">
     <label>2</label>
     ActúaDF, A.C., Ciudad de México, México.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0003">
     <label>3</label>
     Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0004">
     <label>4</label>
     Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México.
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondence: Ignacio Lozano-Verduzco. Área Académica 3, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Carretera Ajusco 24, Col. Héroes de Padierna, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14200, Ciudad de México, México. Phone: +52 (55) 5630 9700 Ext. 1251 Email: ilozano@upn.mx
      <email xlink:href="ilozano@upn.mx">ilozano@upn.mx</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2017</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>40</volume>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <fpage>219</fpage>
    <lpage>226</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>11</day>
      <month>01</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>30</day>
      <month>05</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>19</day>
      <month>10</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="en">Introduction. Mental health can be affected by social determinants, including discrimination and marginalization due to systems of oppression, such as heteronormativity. Objective. To analyze the association between internalized homophobia, homophobic violence, discrimination and community connectedness and alcohol use and depressive symptoms in LGBT individuals. Method. Cross-sectional study in which validated instruments for each variable were applied to a non-probabilistic and intentional sample of 2 846 LGBT individuals through face-to-face questioning during the Sexual Diversity and Pride Parade in Mexico City 2015 and by means of a digital survey tool. Binomial regression models were used to analyze associations between variables. Results. Homophobic discrimination and violence, as well as low community connectedness, positively related to depressive symptoms and alcohol use. Discussion and conclusion. Difficulties in the mental health of LGBT individuals are associated with sociocultural and internalized homophobia. Eradicating and minimizing homophobia would be useful to improve LGBT&rsquo;s mental health.</abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">Introducci&oacute;n. La salud mental es parte fundamental del bienestar del ser humano y se puede ver afectada por diferentes determinantes sociales, entre los que se cuentan la discriminaci&oacute;n y la marginaci&oacute;n a partir de sistemas de opresi&oacute;n, como puede ser el sistema heteronormativo. Objetivo. Analizar la asociaci&oacute;n de la homofobia internalizada, la violencia, la discriminaci&oacute;n por homofobia y la baja conexi&oacute;n comunitaria con el consumo de alcohol y los s&iacute;ntomas depresivos de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales (LGBT) en M&eacute;xico. M&eacute;todo. Estudio transversal anal&iacute;tico en el cual se utilizaron instrumentos validados en poblaci&oacute;n mexicana que eval&uacute;an las variables de inter&eacute;s. &Eacute;stos se aplicaron a una muestra no probabil&iacute;stica intencional en la Marcha del Orgullo y la Diversidad Sexual CDMX 2015 por medio de una herramienta de encuestas en internet; ello dio un total de 2 846 participantes LGBT. Se usaron modelos de regresi&oacute;n binomial para analizar las asociaciones. Resultados. La discriminaci&oacute;n, la violencia y la conexi&oacute;n comunitaria se relacionan positivamente con s&iacute;ntomas depresivos y con consumo de alcohol. Discusi&oacute;n y conclusi&oacute;n. Algunos problemas relativos a aspectos de salud mental que afectan a las personas LGBT se asocian con la homofobia, tanto internalizada como sociocultural. Disminuir y erradicar la homofobia podr&iacute;an servir como elementos para mejorar la salud mental de las personas LGBT.</trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>Mental health</kwd>
     <kwd>homophobia</kwd>
     <kwd>sexuality</kwd>
     <kwd>discrimination</kwd>
     <kwd>alcohol use</kwd>
     <kwd>depression</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>Salud mental</kwd>
     <kwd>homofobia</kwd>
     <kwd>sexualidad</kwd>
     <kwd>uso de alcohol</kwd>
     <kwd>depresión</kwd>
     <kwd>discriminación</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

