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  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud Mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>sm</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM4594</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2018.017</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Original article</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>Characterization of the Mu rhythm during the sleep of children with autism spectrum disorder level 1</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
      <trans-title>Characterization of the Mu rhythm during the sleep of children with autism spectrum disorder level 1</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Characterization of the Mu rhythm during the sleep of children with autism spectrum disorder level 1</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Tania Karina</surname>
       <given-names>García Vite</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Fructuoso</surname>
       <given-names>Ayala Guerrero</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Erik Leonardo</surname>
       <given-names>Mateos Salgado</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Rodolfo</surname>
       <given-names>Cebreros Paniagua</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondence: Tania Karina García Vite Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México. Phone: 5622 - 2222 Ext. 41243 Email: tanisws_88@hotmail.com
      <email xlink:href="tanisws_88@hotmail.com">tanisws_88@hotmail.com</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2018</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>41</volume>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <fpage>109</fpage>
    <lpage>116</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>25</day>
      <month>09</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>16</day>
      <month>03</month>
      <year>2018</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>24</day>
      <month>06</month>
      <year>2018</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="en">Introduction. Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction. The theory of mind (TM) links social deficiencies in ASD with a difficulty in representing the mental states of other people. The Mu rhythm (8-13Hz) has been studied as an expression of the possible neuronal basis of TM. In ASD, the physiological reactivity of the Mu rhythm to motor events is affected. During sleep, there are also phenomena related to sensorimotor processing. Objective. To characterize the Mu rhythm in the sleep of children with level 1 ASD, ages six to 10, and compare it with control children paired by age and sex. Method. Polysomnographic records for two consecutive nights. The record of the second night was analyzed visually (the first was considered habituation) to identify and select Mu rhythm segments throughout the night. The extracted segments were analyzed using the fast Fourier transform and subsequently with t tests on the data of C3 and C4. Results. A significant difference was found in the power spectrums of C3 and C4 t (1, 144) = 3.038, p = .003 and t (1, 144) = -2.301, p = .023, respectively. Discussion and conclusion. The results of this study are consistent with the morphological and topographic characteristics found in studies conducted during wakefulness. The results suggest that the Mu rhythm is caused intrinsically, without external sensory stimulation, and that there is a difference in this generation in the population with ASD.</abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">Introducci&oacute;n. El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por dificultades en la comunicaci&oacute;n e interacci&oacute;n social. La teor&iacute;a de la mente (TM) vincula las deficiencias sociales en el TEA con una dificultad para representar los estados mentales de otros. El ritmo Mu (8-13Hz) se ha estudiado como expresi&oacute;n del posible fundamento neuronal de la TM. En el TEA, la reactividad fisiol&oacute;gica del ritmo Mu a eventos motores se ve afectada. Durante el sue&ntilde;o tambi&eacute;n hay fen&oacute;menos relacionados con el procesamiento sensomotor. Objetivo. Caracterizar el ritmo Mu en el sue&ntilde;o de ni&ntilde;os con TEA nivel 1, en edades de seis a 10 a&ntilde;os, y compararlo con ni&ntilde;os control pareados por edad y sexo. M&eacute;todo. Registros polisomnogr&aacute;ficos durante dos noches consecutivas. Se analiz&oacute; visualmente el registro de la segunda noche (la primera se consider&oacute; de habituaci&oacute;n) para identificar y seleccionar segmentos de ritmo Mu a lo largo de ella. Los segmentos extra&iacute;dos fueron analizados por medio de la transformada r&aacute;pida de Fourier y posteriormente con pruebas t sobre los datos de C3 y C4. Resultados. Se encontr&oacute; una diferencia significativa en los espectros de potencia de C3 y C4 t (1, 144) = 3.038, p = .003 y t (1, 144) = -2.301, p = .023, respectivamente. Discusi&oacute;n y conclusi&oacute;n. Los resultados de este estudio son consistentes con caracter&iacute;sticas morfol&oacute;gicas y topogr&aacute;ficas encontradas en estudios hechos durante la vigilia. Los resultados sugieren que el ritmo Mu se estar&iacute;a generando de manera intr&iacute;nseca, sin estimulaci&oacute;n sensorial externa, y que existe una diferencia en esta generaci&oacute;n en poblaci&oacute;n con TEA.</trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>Autism</kwd>
     <kwd>sleep</kwd>
     <kwd>Mu rhythm</kwd>
     <kwd>Asperger’s</kwd>
     <kwd>quantitative</kwd>
     <kwd>polysomnography</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>Autismo</kwd>
     <kwd>sueño</kwd>
     <kwd>ritmo Mu</kwd>
     <kwd>asperger</kwd>
     <kwd>cuantitativo</kwd>
     <kwd>polisomnografía</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

