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  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>sm</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM4815</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2018.033</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Original article</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>Association of the <em>SLC6A4</em> gene 5HTTLPR polymorphism and ADHD with epilepsy, gestational diabetes, and parental substance abuse in Mexican mestizo children</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
      <trans-title>Asociaci&oacute;n del polimorfismo 5HTTLPR del gen <em>SLC6A4</em> y TDAH con epilepsia, diabetes gestacional y adicci&oacute;n de los padres en ni&ntilde;os mestizos mexicanos</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Association of the <em>SLC6A4</em> gene 5HTTLPR polymorphism and ADHD with epilepsy, gestational diabetes, and parental substance abuse in Mexican mestizo children</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Jorge</surname>
       <given-names>Durán-González</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Evelia</surname>
       <given-names>Leal-Ugarte</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Leonardo Eleazar</surname>
       <given-names>Cruz-Alcalá</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Melva</surname>
       <given-names>Gutiérrez-Angulo</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Martha Patricia</surname>
       <given-names>Gallegos-Arreola</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">4</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Juan Pablo</surname>
       <given-names>Meza-Espinoza</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Itzayana</surname>
       <given-names>Reyes-Zurita</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Patricia Lizbeth</surname>
       <given-names>Padilla-Macías</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Edgar</surname>
       <given-names>Cruz-Martín del Campo</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Valeria</surname>
       <given-names>Peralta-Leal</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0002">
     <label>2</label>
     Departamento Clínico, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0003">
     <label>3</label>
     Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0004">
     <label>4</label>
     Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondence: Valeria Peralta-Leal Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Carretera Sendero Nacional Km 3, C.P. 87349, H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México. Phone: +52 868 204 - 4000 Email: valeriaperaltaleal@yahoo.com.mx
      <email xlink:href="valeriaperaltaleal@yahoo.com.mx">valeriaperaltaleal@yahoo.com.mx</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2018</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>41</volume>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <fpage>223</fpage>
    <lpage>227</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>08</day>
      <month>06</month>
      <year>2018</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>24</day>
      <month>09</month>
      <year>2018</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>25</day>
      <month>10</month>
      <year>2018</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="en">Introduction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric conditions in childhood and a multifactorial condition attributable to genetic and/or environmental influence. Allelic variants in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) have been associated to lower transcriptional efficiency, changes in serotonin concentration in several brain regions, and ADHD development. Objective. To identify the association between the SLC6A4 alleles and ADHD diagnosis and risk factor phenotypes in children from a Mexican mestizo population. Method. In this study, 134 unrelated children were included and evaluated for ADHD, genotypification for the 5HTTLPR polymorphism, and identification of multiple phenotypes from their clinical records and family background for association analysis. Results. The following distribution of genotypes was observed: 23% SS, 49% SL, and 28% LL. From the phenotypes evaluated in the present study, gestational diabetes mellitus (p = .045), history of epilepsy (p = .047), and parental substance abuse (p = .033) showed an association with ADHD development in regression analysis along with the S variant. Discussion and conclusion. Results suggest that interaction of the S allele and some of the phenotypes analyzed may play a relevant role in the development of ADHD in the studied population.</abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">Introducci&oacute;n. El trastorno por d&eacute;ficit de atenci&oacute;n e hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los padecimientos neuropsiqui&aacute;tricos m&aacute;s comunes en la infancia. Como su naturaleza es multifactorial, es atribuible a influencias gen&eacute;ticas y/o ambientales. Las variantes al&eacute;licas del gen transportador de serotonina (SLC6A4) se han asociado previamente con cambios en los niveles de serotonina en algunas regiones cerebrales, as&iacute; como con el desarrollo de TDAH. Objetivo. Identificar la posible asociaci&oacute;n entre los alelos del gen SLC6A4 y el diagn&oacute;stico de TDAH, as&iacute; como factores de riesgo en ni&ntilde;os mestizos mexicanos. M&eacute;todo. En el presente estudio se incluyeron 134 ni&ntilde;os, los cuales fueron evaluados para TDAH, genotipificaci&oacute;n del polimorfismo 5HTTLPR e identificaci&oacute;n de m&uacute;ltiples fenotipos en su historia cl&iacute;nica y antecedentes familiares para su an&aacute;lisis de asociaci&oacute;n estad&iacute;stica. Resultados. Se mostr&oacute; la siguiente distribuci&oacute;n de genotipos: 23% SS, 49% SL y 28% LL. En un modelo de regresi&oacute;n, los fenotipos de diabetes mellitus gestacional (p = .045), historia de epilepsia (p = .047) y el abuso de sustancias de los padres (p = .033) mostraron asociaci&oacute;n con la variante S y el desarrollo de TDAH. Discusi&oacute;n y conclusi&oacute;n. El presente estudio sugiere que el alelo S en conjunto con algunos fenotipos puede cumplir un papel importante en el desarrollo de TDAH en nuestra poblaci&oacute;n.</trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>Serotonin transporter</kwd>
     <kwd>attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</kwd>
     <kwd>SLC6A4&nbsp;gene</kwd>
     <kwd>allele</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>Transportador de serotonina</kwd>
     <kwd>trastorno por d&eacute;ficit de atenci&oacute;n e hiperactividad</kwd>
     <kwd>gen SLC6A4</kwd>
     <kwd>alelos</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

