Effect of substance use on condom use in the Theory of Planned Behavior: Analysis of differential item functioning
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Resumen
Introducción. El consumo de sustancias es uno de los factores asociados a un menor uso de condón en jóvenes adultos, lo cual aumenta la probabilidad de contagio de VIH. La Teoría de la Conducta Planeada (TCP) es uno de los modelos más útiles para explicar este fenómeno ya que considera la intención de llevar a cabo una conducta basándose en actitudes, normas subjetivas y autoeficacia.
Objetivo. Desarrollar un cuestionario y evaluar el Funcionamiento Diferencial de los Ítems (DIF) ocasionado por el consumo de sustancias en los indicadores de la TCP, utilizando el análisis Múltiples Ítems Múltiples Causas (MIMIC).
Método. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos etapas con estudiantes universitarios de 18 a 25 años de la Ciudad de México.
Resultados. Se obtuvo una adecuada bondad de ajuste en los tres modelos de la TCP: actitudes χ2S-B(2) = 3.902, p < .001; CFIs = .999; TLIs = .996; RMSEAs = .037, 90% IC ≤ .001-.095; normas subjetivas χ2S-B(7) = 9.103; p < .245; CFIs = .999; TLIs = .998; RMSEAs = .022, 90% IC ≤ .001-.056; y autoeficacia χ2S-B(25) = 65.115; p < .001; CFIs = .982; TLIs = .974; RMSEAs = .050, 90% IC = .036-.066; un ítem en actitudes y 2 ítems en normas subjetivas se observó un efecto DIF, y en autoeficacia ningún ítem salió significativo.
Discusión y conclusión. Existe poca evidencia en la detección de DIF por uso de sustancias en los indicadores de la TCP en uso de condón, siendo éste el primer estudio que lleva a cabo este tipo de análisis. Los ítems que presenten DIF abren la puerta a futuras investigaciones, debido a la importancia de evaluar cómo se comporta el indicador con una población que tenga un rasgo en particular.
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