Moderating effects of executive function between depression severity and work performance: a web-based cross-sectional study
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Resumen
Objetivo. Fue analizar el efecto moderador del funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE) en la relación entre la gravedad de depresión y el desempeño laboral (presentismo y ausentismo).
Método. Los datos se recopilaron no probabilísticamente por medio de una encuesta en línea. Se emplearon análisis de regresión lineal jerárquica para probar la hipótesis principal, con sintomatología depresiva (PHQ-9) y FE (BRIEF-A) como predictores, y presentismo (SPS-6) y ausentismo (HPQ) como variables de desenlace independientes.
Resultados. Se analizaron 462 participantes. Los modelos de regresión no mostraron interacciones significativas, sólo efectos aditivos de la gravedad de depresión y la FE sobre el presentismo, y no hubo ningún efecto de estas variables sobre el ausentismo.
Discusión y conclusión. Nuestro hallazgo principal discrepa de otros que reportan efectos moderadores de FE para otras variables psicológicas. Hipotetizamos que las alteraciones de FE pueden tener características particulares para la depresión (por ejemplo, inflexibilidad cognitiva en la rumiación del pensamiento), que no son evaluadas por el BRIEF-A. Es recomendable que estudios futuros empleen tareas de desempeño para medición de efecto moderador de FE, y considerar indicadores naturalistas de desempeño laboral.
Referencias
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®) (Fifth). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.744053
Bonde, J. P. E., & Hovedstaden, R. (2008). Psychosocial Factors at Work and Risk of Depression : A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence Psychosocial factors at work and risk of depression : a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 65, 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2007.038430
Bracht, T., Linden, D., & Keedwell, P. (2015). A review of white matter microstructure alterations of pathways of the reward circuit in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 187, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.041
Cassiani-Miranda, C. A., Vargas-Hernández, M. C., Pérez-Aníbal, E.,
Herazo-Bustos, M. I., & Hernández-Carrillo, M. (2017). Confiabilidad y dimensión del cuestionario de salud del paciente ( PHQ-9 ) para la detección de síntomas de depresión en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud en Cartagena , 2014. Biomédica, 37(112–120).
Godefroy, O., Azouvi, P., & Robert, P. (2010). Dysexecutive Syndrome : Diagnostic criteria and validation Study. Annals of Neurology, 68(6), 855–864. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22117
Goodwin, G. M. (2016). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal lobes in depression : 20 years on. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 30(11), 1090–1094. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116661074
Hall, P. A., Fong, G. T., Epp, L. J., Elias, L. J., Hall, P. A., Fong, G. T., … Elias, L. J. (2008). Executive function moderates the intention- behavior link for physical activity and dietary behavior. Psychology & Health, 23(3), 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/14768320701212099
Hall, P. A., Ph, D., Zehr, C., Sc, M., Paulitzki, J., Ph, D., … Ph, D. (2014). Implementation intentions for physical activity behavior in older adult women : An examination of executive function as a moderator of treatment effects. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 48, 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9582-7
Halleland, H. B., Sørensen, L., Posserud, M., Haavik, J., &
Lundervold, A. J. (2015). Occupational status ss compromised in adults with ADHD and psychometrically defined executive function deficits. Journal of Attention Disorders, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714564622
Hammar, Å., & Årdal, G. (2009). Cognitive functioning in major depression – a summary. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 3(September), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.026.2009
Herreras Basuela, E. (2016). BRIEF-A (forma abreviada): Análisis propiedades psicométricas en una muestra española. Archivos de Neurociencias, 21(4), 6–15.
Kalkhoff, W., & Kilmer, A. (2011). Moderators and mediators of the stress-aggression relationship : Executive function and state anger. Emotion, 11(1), 61–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021788
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Ames, M., Barkley, R. A., Birnbaum, H., Greenberg, P., … Bedirhan, T. U. (2005). The Prevalence and Effects of Adult Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder on Work Performance in a Nationally Representative Sample of Workers, 47(6), 565–572. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000166863.33541.39
Kessler, R. C., Ames, M., Hymel, P. A., Loeppke, R., Mckenas, D. K., Richling, D. E., & Stang, P. E. (2004). Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire ( HPQ ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46(6), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000126683.75201.c5
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 606–613.
Millan, M. J., Agid, Y., Brüne, M., Bullmore, E. T., Carter, C. S., Clayton, N. S., … Young, L. J. (2012). Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 11(2), 141–168. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd3628
Moreno-López, L., Stamatakis, E. A., Fernández-Serrano, M. J., Gómez-Río, M., Rodríguez-Fernández, A., Pérez-García, M., &
Verdejo-García, A. (2012). Neural correlates of hot and cold executive functions in polysubstance addiction: Association between neuropsychological performance and resting brain metabolism as measured by positron emission tomography. Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging, 203(2–3), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.01.006
Pelletier, K. R. (2002). Stanford Presenteeism Scale : Health status and employee productivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44, 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200201000-00004
Regmi, P. R., Waithaka, E., Paudyal, A., Simkhada, P., & van Teijlingen, E. (2016). Guide to the design and application of online questionnaire surveys. Nepal Journal of Epidemiology, 6(4), 640–644.
Riggs, N. R., Jahromi, L. B., Razza, R. P., Dillworth-bart, J. E., & Mueller, U. (2006). Executive function and the promotion of social – emotional competence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 300–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2006.04.002
Romo Nava, F., Tafoya, S. A., & Heinze, G. (2013). Estudio comparativo sobre depresión y los factores asociados en alumnos del primer año de la Facultad de Medicina y del Internado. Salud Mental, 36(5), 375–379.
Roth, R. M., Lance, C. E., Isquith, P. K., Fischer, A. S., & Giancola, P. R. (2013). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version in healthy adults and application to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28(May), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/act031
Snyder, H. R. (2014). Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive funtion: A meta-analysis and review. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 81–132. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028727.Major
Stewart, W. F., Ricci, J. A., Chee, E., Hahn, S. R., & Morganstein, D. (2003). Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 3132–3144.
Villalobos-Gallegos, L., Medina-Mora, M. E., Benjet, C., Ruiz, S., Magis, C., & Marín-Navarrete, R. (2018). Multidimensional patterns of sexual risk behavior and psychiatric disorders in men with substance use disorders. Archives of Sexual Behavior, (0123456789). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1227-2
Watkins, E., & Brown, R. G. (2002). Rumination and executive function in depression: an experimental study. Journal of Neurology , Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 72, 400–402.
