Family functioning and environmental resources offered by families of children with mental disorders
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Resumen
Objetivo. Determinar qué recursos ambientales reciben de sus familias los niños con trastornos mentales y cómo se correlacionan con el funcionamiento familiar.
Método. El estudio contó con la participación de un total de 33 personas responsables de niños con trastornos mentales. Los sujetos respondieron a dos cuestionarios para caracterizar el funcionamiento familiar (FACES IV) y la disponibilidad de recursos en el entorno familiar (RAF). Los datos se analizaron de manera descriptiva y la prueba de correlación de Spearman se utilizó para identificar asociaciones entre variables.
Resultados. La mayoría de los niños eran del sexo masculino y asistían a la escuela, y los diagnósticos psiquiátricos más frecuentes fueron el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y el trastorno del espectro autista. Se consideró que la mayoría de las familias tenían un buen funcionamiento familiar (87.9%), y sólo el 12.1% se consideró disfuncional. Con respecto a los recursos ambientales, los valores medios más altos se asignaron a la presencia de juguetes (6.9 ± 2.0) y a las reuniones familiares para actividades de rutina (6.6 ± 2.3). La cohesión familiar, la flexibilidad, la comunicación y la satisfacción (funcional) se correlacionaron positivamente con la oferta de actividades y recursos y se correlacionaron negativamente con subescalas desequilibradas (disfuncionales).
Discusión y conclusión. Los trastornos mentales de los niños no parecen afectar la dinámica familiar de manera significativa. Sin embargo, el funcionamiento familiar interfiere con los tipos de actividades y recursos que ofrece al niño o niña, lo que puede tener un impacto en su desarrollo.
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