Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in a clinical sample of Mexican naval military
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Resumen
Objetivo. Estimar la frecuencia de la ideación suicida y el intento de suicidio en los últimos 12 meses en militares navales mexicanos y determinar las variables asociadas con la ideación y el intento de suicidio.
Método. El estudio transversal incluyó 246 pacientes ambulatorios enviados para una evaluación psiquiátrica. Se realizó una entrevista psiquiátrica utilizando los criterios diagnósticos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades en su décima edición, que incluyó la presentación de ideación suicida e intento de suicidio en los últimos 12 meses.
Resultados. La frecuencia en los últimos 12 meses de ideación suicida e intento de suicidio fue de 24.39% y 9.76%, respectivamente. Las variables asociadas con la ideación suicida fueron: grado militar (clases y marinería, p = .03), antecedente familiar de suicidio (p < .01), diagnóstico de trastorno depresivo (p < .01) y trastorno de la personalidad (p < .01). En cuanto a la presentación del intento de suicidio, la edad media en los casos fue menor (p < .01). Hubo una mayor frecuencia de intentos de suicidio en personas solteras o sin pareja (p < .01), en personal con cuatro años o menos en servicio (p < .01) y en pacientes con trastorno de personalidad (p < .01).
Discusión y conclusión. Se requiere un mayor énfasis en la detección de problemas de salud mental en la población militar y estudios más representativos a nivel nacional.
Referencias
Blais, M. A., Smallwood, P., Groves, J. E., Rivas-Vazquez, R. A., & Hopwood, C. J. (2016). Personality and Personality Disorders. In Stern, T. A., Fava, M., Wilens, T. E., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (Eds.) Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry, (pp. 433-444). Boston, Massachusetts: Elsevier. ISBN: 978 0 323 29507 9
Bliese, P. D., Wright, K. M., Adler, A. B., Thomas, J. L., & Hoge, C. W. (2007). Timing of postcombat mental health assessments. Psychological Services, 4(3), 141-148. doi: 10.1037/1541-1559.4.3.141
Boden, M. T., Babdon, K. A., Vujanovic, A. A., Short, N. A., & Bon-Miller, M. O. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use characteristics among military veterans with cannabis dependence. The American Journal on Addictions, 22(3), 277-284. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.12018.x
Borges, G., Orozco R., Benjet, C., & Medina-Mora, M. E. (2010). Suicidio y conductas suicidas en México: retrospectiva y situación actual. Salud Pública de México, 52(4), 292-304.
Brendel, R. W., Brezing, C. A., Lagomasino, I. T., Perlis R. H., & Stern, T. A. (2016). The Suicidal Patient. In Stern, T. A., Fava, M., Wilens, T. E., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (Eds.) Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry, (pp. 589-598). Boston, Massachusetts: Elsevier. ISBN: 978 0 323 29507 9
Burnam, M. A., Meredith, L. S., Tanielian, T., & Jaycox, L. H. (2009). Mental health care for Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Health Affairs, 28(3), 771-782. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.3.771
Castro, C. A., & Kintzle, S. (2014). Suicides in the military: The post-modern combat veteran and the Hemingway effect. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16(8), 460. doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0460-1
Diario Oficial de la Federación. (2013). Programa Sectorial de Marina 2013-2018. Retrieved from: http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5326470&fecha=16/12/2013
Drummet, A. R., Coleman, M., & Cable, S. (2003). Military families under stress: Implications for family life education. Family Relations, 52(3), 279-287. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00279.x
Hawton, K., Houston, K., Haw, C., Townsend, E., & Harris, L. (2003). Comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders in patients who attempted suicide. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(8), 1494-1500. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1494
Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(1), 13-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa040603
Hoge, C. W., Grossman, S. H., Auchterlonie, J. L., Riviere, L. A., Milliken, C. S., & Wilk, J. E. (2014). PTSD treatment for soldiers after combat deployment: Low utilization of mental health care and reasons for dropout. Psychiatric Services, 65(8), 997-1004. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201300307
Hong, V. (2016). Borderline personality disorder in the emergency department: good psychiatric management. Harvard Review Psychiatry, 24(5), 357-366. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000112
Kuehn, B. M. (2009). Soldier suicide rates continue to rise: military, scientists work to stem the tide. JAMA, 301(11), 1111-1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.342
LeardMann, C. A., Powell, T. M., Smith, T. C., Bell, M. R., Smith, B., Boyko, E. J., ... Hoge, C. W. (2013). Risk factors associated with suicide in current and former US military personnel. JAMA, 310(5), 496-506. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.65164
Moukaddam, N., Flores, A., Matorin, A., Hayden, N., & Tucci, V. T. (2017). Difficult patients in the emergency department, personality disorders and beyond. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 40(3), 379-395. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2017.05.005
Naifeh, J. A., Colpe, L. J., Aliaga, P. A., Sampson N. A., Heeringa S. G., Stein M. B., ... Kessler, R. C. (2016). Barriers to initiating and continuing mental health treatment among soldiers in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Military Medicine, 181(9), 1021-1032. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00211
Nock, M. K., Deming, C. A., Fullerton, C. S., Gilman, S. E., Goldenberg, M., Kessler, R.C., ... Ursano, R. J. (2013). Suicide among soldiers: A review of psychosocial risk and protective factors. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 76(2), 97-125. doi: 10.1521/psyc.2013.76.2.97
Nock, M. K., Stein, M. B., Heeringa, S. G., Ursano, R. J., Colpe, L. J., Fullerton, C. S., … Kessler, R. C. (2014). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among soldiers: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry, 71(5), 514-22. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.30
Olfson, M., Blanco, C., Wall, M., Liu, S., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., & Grant, B. F. (2017). National trends in suicide attempts among adults in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(11), 1095-1103. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2582
Reger, M. A., Smolenski, D. J., Skopp, N. A., Metzger-Abamukang, M. J., Kang, H. K., Bullman, T. A., ... Gahm, G. A. (2015). Risk of suicide among US military service members following Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom deployment and separation from the US Military. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(6), 561-569. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.3195
Rosellini, A. J., Heeringa, S. G., Stein, M. B., Ursano, R. J., Chiu, W. T., Colpe, L. J., ... Kessler R. C. (2014). Lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders among new soldiers in the U.S. Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Depression and Anxiety, 32(1), 13-24. doi: 10.1002/da.22316
Schoenbaum, M., Kessler, R. C., Gilman, S. E., Colpe, L. J., Heeringa, S. G., Stein, M. B., ... Cox, K. L. (2014). Predictors of suicide and accident death in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS): Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry, 71(5), 493-503. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4417
Street, A. E., Gilman, S. E., Rosellini, A. J., Stein, M. B., Bromet, E. J., Cox, K. L., ... Kessler R. C. (2015). Understanding the elevated suicide risk of female soldiers during deployments. Psychological Medicine, 45(4), 717-726. doi: 10.1017/S003329171400258X
Thomas, J. L., Adrian, A. L., Penix, E. A., Wilk, J. E., & Adler A. B. (2016). Mental health literacy in U.S. soldiers: Knowledge of services and processes in the utilization of military mental health care. Military Behavioral Health, 4(2), 92-99. doi: 10.1080/21635781.2016.1153541
Ursano, R. J., Heeringa, S. G., Stein, M. B., Jain, S., Raman, R., Sun, X., ... Kessler, R. C. (2015a). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among new soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Depression and Anxiety, 32(1), 3-12. doi: 10.1002/da.22317
Ursano, R. J., Kessler, R. C., Naifeh, J. A., Herberman Mash, H., Nock, M. K., Aliaga, P. A., ... Stein, M. B. (2018). Risk factors associated with attempted suicide among US Army soldiers without a history of mental health diagnosis. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(10), 1022-1032. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2069
Ursano, R. J., Kessler, R. C., Naifeh, J. A., Herberman-Mash, H., Fullerton, C. S., Bliese, P. D., ... Stein, M. B. (2017). Risk of suicide attempt among soldiers in army units with a history of suicide attempts. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(9), 924-931. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.1925
Ursano, R. J., Kessler, R. C., Stein, M. B., Naifeh, J. A., Aliaga, P. A., Fullerton, C. S., ... Heeringa, S. G. (2015b). Suicide attempts in the US Army during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, 2004 to 2009. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(9), 917-926. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0987
Warner, C. H., Appenzeller, G. N., Grieger, T., Belenkiy, S., Breitbach, J., Parker, J., ... Hoge, C. (2011). Importance of anonymity to encourage honest reporting in mental health screening after combat deployment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(10), 1065-1071. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.112
West, J. C., Wilk, J. E., Duffy, F. F., Kuramoto, S. J., Rae, D. S., Mościcki, E. K., & Hoge, C. W. (2014). Mental health treatment access and quality in the Army: Survey of mental health clinicians. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 20(6), 448-459. doi: 10.1097/01.pra.0000456593.58739.61
World Health Organization. (2000). Preventing suicide. A resource for general physicians. (No. WHO/MNH/MBD/00.1). World Health Organization. Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67165/WHO_MNH_MBD_00.1.pdf;jsessionid=3018B0C24765A54318B973E81920A528?sequence=1
