Cognitive and clinic profile of volatile substance users
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Resumen
Objetivo. Se analizó el rendimiento clínico y cognitivo de usuarios de inhalables y los efectos clínicos del tiempo de consumo.
Método. Estudio transversal en el que se incluyeron 28 adultos usuarios de inhalables, divididos en dos grupos dependiendo del tiempo de consumo, menor o mayor a siete años. Todos fueron evaluados en términos de valores clínicos y neuropsicológicos.
Resultados. Los consumidores de inhalables mostraron presencia de craving (M = 479.14, SD = 213.51), comportamiento frontal alterado antes (M = 119.18, SD = 29.53) y actualmente (M = 130, SD = 33.03), problemas para dormir (M = 8.93, SD = 3.4) y dificultades cognitivas (control inhibitorio, planificación, toma de decisiones, memoria de trabajo, fluidez verbal y flexibilidad cognitiva); todas estas tareas fueron estadísticamente significativas (p = < .05).
Discusión y conclusión. El funcionamiento ejecutivo se ve afectado en el trastorno por uso de inhalables. Estas alteraciones aumentan en la abstinencia y en la apetencia, y los cambios se mantienen independientes del tiempo de uso.
Referencias
Alfaro-Rodríguez, A., Bueno-Nava, A., González-Piña, R., Arch-Tirado, E., Vargas-Sánchez, J. & Ávila-Luna, A. (2011). Chronic exposure to toluene changes the sleep-wake pattern and brain monoamine content in rats. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 71(2), 183-92.
Alonso-Matías, L., Páez-Martínez, N., Reyes-Zamorano, E., & González-Olvera, J. J. (2015). Evidence of validity of an inhalant-craving questionnaire. Adicciones, 27(4), 276-287. Retrieved from http://www.adicciones.es/index.php/adicciones/article/view/752
Angarita, G. A, Emadi, N., Hodges, S., & Morgan, P. T. (2016). Sleep abnormalities associated with alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opiate use: a comprehensive review. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 11(1), 9. doi: 10.1186/s13722-016-0056-7
Balster, R. L., Cruz, S. L., Howard, M. O., Dell, C. A., & Cottler, L. B. (2009). Classification of abused inhalants. Addiction, 104(6), 878-882. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02494.x
Boak, A., Hamilton, H. A., Adlaf, E. M., & Mann, R. E. (2017). Drug use among Ontario students, 1977-2017: Detailed findings from the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS). (CAMH Research Document Series No. 46). Toronto, Ontario: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. Retrieved from https://www.champlainpathways.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Detailed_DrugUseReport_2017OSDUHS.pdf
Bowen, S. E., Batis, J. C., Paez-Martinez, N., & Cruz, S. L. (2006). The last decade of solvent research in animal models of abuse: Mechanistic and behavioral studies. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 28(6), 636-647. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.09.005
Bresin, K., & Verona, E. (2019). Craving and substance use: Examining psychophysiological and behavioral moderators. International Journal of Psychophysiology. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.006
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
Calhoun, K., Wattenbarger, L., Burns, E., Hatcher, C., Patel, A., Badam, M., & Khan, A. (2018). Inhaling Difluoroethane Computer Cleaner Resulting in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease. Case Reports in Nephrology, 2018, 1-3. doi: 10.1155/2018/4627890
Crossin, R., Cairney, S., Lawrence, A. J., & Duncan, J. R. (2017). Adolescent inhalant abuse leads to other drug use and impaired growth; implications for diagnosis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 41(1), 99-104. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12595
Crunelle, C. L., van den Brink, W., Moggi, F., Konstenius, M., Franck, J., Levin, F. R., … Matthys, F. (2018). International Consensus Statement on Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Substance Use Disorder Patients with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. European Addiction Research, 24(1), 43-51. doi: 10.1159/000487767
Cruz, S. L. (2011). The latest evidence in neuroscience of solvent misuse: an article written for service providers. Substance Use Misuse, 46(sup1), 62-67. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2011.580215
Dingwall, K. M., Maruff, P., Fredrickson, A., & Cairney, S. (2011). Cognitive recovery during and after treatment for volatile solvent abuse. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 118(2-3), 180-185. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.017
Dinsfriend, W., Rao, K., & Matulevicius, S. (2016). Inhalant-Abuse Myocarditis Diagnosed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. Texas Heart Institute Journal, 43(3), 246-248. doi: 10.14503/THIJ-14-4919
Elkoussi, A., & Bakheet, S. (2011). Volatile substance misuse among street children in Upper Egypt. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(sup1), 35-39. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2011.580202
Flores-Lázaro, J. C., Ostrosky-Shejet, F., & Lozano-Gutiérrez, A. (2012). Batería Neuropsicológica de Funciones Ejecutivas y Lóbulos Frontales (BANFE-2). México: Manual Moderno.
Grace, J., & Malloy, P. (2001). Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe): Professional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
Gromov, I., & Gromov, D. (2009). Sleep and Substance Use and Abuse in Adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(4), 929-946. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2009.04.004
Guerin, N., & White, V. (2018). ASSAD 2017 Statistics & Trends: Australian Secondary Students’ Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, Over-the-counter Drugs, and Illicit Substances. Melbourne Victoria, Australia: Cancer Council Victoria. Retrieved from https://beta.health.gov.au/file/9756/download?token=ApVLPOfY
Hong, S., Choi, E., Kim, H., Suh, J., Takagi, M. J., Lubman, D. I., … Yücel, M. (2014). Decreased thalamic volumes in adolescent inhalant users from Korea and Australia. The World Journal Biological Psychiatry, 15(8), 636-640. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2014.902540
Howard, M. O., Bowen, S. E., Garland, E. L., Perron, B. E., & Vaughn, M. G. (2011). Inhalant use and inhalant use disorders in the United States. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 6(1), 18-31.
Hynes-Dowell, M., Mateu-Gelabert, P., Barros, H. M. T., & Delva, J. (2011). Volatile Substance Misuse Among High School Students in South America. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(sup1), 27-34. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2011.580192
Jiménez-Genchi, A., Monteverde-Maldonado, E., Nenclares-Portocarrero, A., Esquivel-Adame, G., & de la Vega-Pacheco A. (2008). Reliability and factorial analysis of the Spanish version of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index among psychiatric patients. Gaceta Médica de México, 144(6), 491-496. Retrieved from https://europepmc.org/article/med/19112721
Johnston, L. D., Miech, R. A., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E., & Patrick, M. E. (2017). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2017: Overview, Key Findings on Adolescent Drug use. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
Kharb, R., Shekhawat, L. S., Beniwal, R. P., Bhatia, T., & Deshpande, S. N. (2018). Relationship between Craving and Early Relapse in Alcohol Dependence: A Short-Term Follow-up Study. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(4), 315-321. doi: 10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_558_17
Kurtzman, T. L., Otsuka, K. N., & Wahl, R. A. (2001). Inhalant abuse by adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 28(3), 170-180. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00159-2
Marín-Navarrete, R., Toledo-Fernández, A., Villalobos-Gallegos, L., Pérez-López, A., & Medina-Mora, M. E. (2018). Neuropsychiatric characterization of individuals with inhalant use disorder and polysubstance use according to latent profiles of executive functioning. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 190, 104-111. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.005
Mollayeva, T., Thurairajah, P., Burton, K., Mollayeva, S., Shapiro, C. M., & Colantonio, A. (2016). The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 25, 52-73. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.01.009
National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA]. (2012). Research Report Series: Inhalant Abuse. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/inhalant-abuse
O’Sullivan, M., Barrick, T. R., Morris, R. G., Clark, C. A., & Markus, H. S. (2005). Damage within a network of white matter regions underlies executive dysfunction in CADASIL. Neurology, 65(10), 1584-1590. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000184480.07394.fb
Paliwal, P., Hyman, S. M., & Sinha, R. (2008). Craving predicts time to cocaine relapse: Further validation of the Now and Brief versions of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 93(3), 252-259. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.10.002
Pedrero-Pérez, E. J., Ruiz-Sánchez de León, J. M., Llanero-Luque, M., Rojo-Mota, G., Olivar-Arroyo, A., & Puerta-García, C. (2009). Sintomatología frontal en adictos a sustancias en tratamiento mediante la versión española de la escala de comportamiento frontal. Revista de Neurología, 48(12), 624-631. doi: 10.33588/rn.4812.2008654
Perron, B. E. & Howard, M. O. (2009). Adolescent inhalant use, abuse and dependence. Addiction Research Report, 104(7), 1185-1192. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02557.x
Petit, G., Luminet, O., Cordovil de Sousa Uva, M., Monhonval, P., Leclercq, S., Spilliaert, Q., … de Timary, P. (2017). Gender Differences in Affects and Craving in Alcohol-Dependence: A Study During Alcohol Detoxification. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 41(2), 421-431. doi: 10.1111/acer.13292
Ribas-Siñol, M., del Prado-Sanchez, N., Claramunt-Mendoza, J., Civit-Ramirez, M., Canalias-Perez, O., & Ochoa, S. (2015). Troubled adolescents: substance abuse and mental disorder in young offenders. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 43(6), 197-204. Retrieved from https://www.actaspsiquiatria.es/repositorio/17/98/ENG/17-98-ENG-197-204-226633.pdf
Seo, D., & Sinha, R. (2014). Chapter 21: The neurobiology of alcohol craving and relapse. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 125, 355-368. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62619-6.00021-5
Spinella, M. (2003). Relationship between drug use and prefrontal associated traits. Addiction Biology, 8(1), 67-74. doi: 10.1080/1355621031000069909
Stout, J. C., Ready, R. E., Grace, J., Malloy, P. F., & Paulsen, J. S. (2003). Factor analysis of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). Assessment, 10(1), 79-85. doi: 10.1177/1073191102250339
Takagi, M., Lubman, D. I., Walterfang, M., Barton, S., Reutens, D., Wood, A., & Yücel, M. (2013). Corpus callosum size and shape alterations in adolescent inhalant users. Addiction Biology, 18(5), 851-854. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00364.x
Terán-Pérez, G., Arana, Y., Paredes, L., Atilano-Barbosa, D., Velázquez-Moctezuma, J., & Mercadillo, R. E. (2020). Diverse sleep patterns, psychiatric disorders, and perceived stress in inhalants users living on the streets of Mexico City. Sleep Health, 6(2), 192-196. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.11.005
Važan, P., Khan, M. R., Poduška, O., Št’astná, L., & Miovský, M. (2011). Chronic toluene misuse among Roma Youth in Eastern Slovakia. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(sup1), 57-61. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2011.580213
Verdejo-García, A., Aguilar de Arcos, F., & Pérez-García, M. (2004). Alteraciones de los procesos de toma de decisiones vinculados al córtex prefrontal ventromedial en pacientes drogodependientes. Revista de Neurología, 38(7), 601-606. doi: 10.33588/rn.3807.2003639
Verdejo-García, A., Rivas-Pérez, C., López-Torrecillas, F., & Pérez-García, M. (2006). Differential impact of severity of drug use on frontal behavioral symptoms. Addictive Behaviors, 31(8), 1373-1382. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.11.003
Villatoro-Velázquez, J. A., Resendiz-Escobar, E., Mujica-Salazar, A., Bretón-Cirett, M., Cañas-Martínez, V., Soto-Hernández, I., … Mendoza-Alvarado, L. (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016-2017: Reporte de Drogas. Ciudad de México, México: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Comisión Nacional Contra las Adicciones, Secretaría de Salud. Retrieved from https://encuestas.insp.mx/ena/encodat2017/reporte_encodat_drogas_2016_2017.pdf
Weiss, R. D., Griffin, M. L., Mazurick, C., Berkman, B., Gastfriend, D. R., Frank, A., … Moras, K. (2003). The relationship between cocaine craving, psychosocial treatment, and subsequent cocaine use. American Journal of Pychiatry, 160(7), 1320-1325. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1320
Yücel, M., Takagi, M., Walterfang, M., & Lubman, D. I. (2008). Toluene misuse and long-term harms: A systematic review of the neuropsychological and neuroimaging literature. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(5), 910-926. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.006
Zarrouq, B., Bendaou, B., El Asri, A., Achour, S., Rammouz, I., Aalouane, R., … El Rhazi, K. (2016). Psychoactive substances use and associated factors among middle and high school students in the North Center of Morocco: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 468. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3143-5
