Salud Mental

Effect of physical and sexual violence during childhood and/or adolescence on the development of menstrual related mood disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Dannia Islas-Preciado
Karla Flores-Celis
Jorge González-Olvera

Resumen

Antecedentes. El abuso en las etapas tempranas de la vida se ha propuesto como un factor de riesgo etiológico para desarrollar trastornos del estado de ánimo relacionados con la menstruación (TEARM).

Objetivo. Evaluar si existe una relación entre la ocurrencia de violencia física y/o sexual en la infancia y/o la adolescencia y el desarrollo de MRMD en la edad adulta.

Método. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Web of Science y ScienceDirect con la ruta (“Premenstrual Syndrome”[Mesh]) OR (“Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder”[MeSH]) AND (“Violence”[Mesh]) / (“menstrually-related mood disorders” AND “abuse”). Cincuenta y cuatro artículos fueron revisados inicialmente y 32 fueron excluidos con base en los criterios establecidos. Veintidós artículos fueron revisados exhaustivamente. Por último, se incluyeron cinco artículos (años de publicación 2014, 2013, 2012, 2007 y 2003) en la revisión sistemática, y cinco de ellos fueron sometidos a un metaanálisis.

Resultados. Los resultados indican que haber estado expuesta a violencia física y/o sexual en la niñez y/o la adolescencia aumenta 1.99 veces el riesgo de experimentar TEARM en la edad adulta en comparación con las mujeres que no experimentaron ese tipo de violencia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99; intervalo de confianza del 95% [1.58-2.51]).

Discusión y conclusión. El presente trabajo aporta evidencia de que una mujer que experimentó violencia por abuso físico y/o sexual durante la niñez y/o la adolescencia tiene un mayor riesgo de desarrollar TEARM en la edad adulta.
Palabras clave:
Violencia, abuso sexual, abuso físico, trastornos del estado de ánimo relacionados con la menstruación

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