Psychological stress in mothers of neonates admitted to an intensive care unit
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Resumen
Objetivo. Evaluar la relación de los factores sociodemográficos, clínicos, psicológicos y psiquiátricos maternos, así como los aspectos clínicos del neonato, con el grado de estrés psicológico percibido por las madres de recién nacidos ingresados en una UCIN.
Método. Estudio transversal de 47 mujeres mayores de 18 años cuyos bebés habían estado en una UCIN las últimas 72 horas. Se realizaron correlaciones bivariadas y un modelo lineal multivariado con las variables significativas en los análisis bivariados.
Resultados. Según el modelo multivariado, la percepción de soledad y la presencia de al menos un diagnóstico psiquiátrico (episodio depresivo, distimia, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, de adaptación, de estrés agudo o por consumo de sustancias) se asociaron con el estrés materno. Las estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en el problema fueron relevantes dentro del modelo y podrían tener valor protector frente al estrés. El modelo explicó 73.5% de la varianza de la gravedad del estrés (F 38.848; p<.001).
Discusión y conclusión. El estrés en las madres de recién nacidos ingresados en UCIN está relacionado con su sentimiento de soledad y salud mental. La necesidad de apoyo de las madres y su psicopatología son aspectos para considerar en la atención al recién nacido y sus familias. La formación en estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en situaciones específicas podría contribuir a la reducción del estrés materno.
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