Uso separado o concomitante de alcohol y tabaco durante el embarazo: prevalencia y factores
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Resumen
Introducción: El embarazo es un período crucial para el desarrollo fisiológico y psicológico del niño. El consumo de alcohol y tabaco durante la gestación es una preocupación de salud pública debido a los posibles daños a la salud materna, al desarrollo fetal y a la salud infantil. Objetivo. Identificar la prevalencia del uso separado y concomitante de alcohol y tabaco durante la gestación y los factores sociodemográficos, obstétricos y clínicos asociados.
Objetivo: Estudio transversal cuantitativo realizado con 253 puérperas en una maternidad pública en Brasil. El uso de alcohol y tabaco en el último trimestre del embarazo fue evaluado mediante el Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Se realizaron análisis bivariados y regresiones logísticas multivariadas.
Método: Estudio transversal cuantitativo realizado con 253 puérperas en una maternidad pública en Brasil. El uso de alcohol y tabaco en el último trimestre del embarazo fue evaluado mediante el Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Se realizaron análisis bivariados y regresiones logísticas multivariadas.
Resultados: La prevalencia del uso de alcohol fue del 17.4%, de tabaco del 7.9%, y del uso combinado del 4.7%. El uso de alcohol se asoció con antecedentes de aborto [Odds ratio ajustado/Razón de momios (aOR) = 3.18] y mayor ingreso familiar. El uso de tabaco se asoció con un mayor número de hijos (aOR = 12.12 para 4 o más hijos). El uso combinado se asoció con la ausencia de pareja (aOR = 4.11) y antecedentes de depresión (aOR = 3.63).
Discusión y conclusión: Los resultados destacan la necesidad de implementar programas estratégicos para la prevención y el control del uso de alcohol y tabaco durante la gestación, considerando los factores de riesgo identificados. Es esencial la sensibilización de los profesionales de salud y la creación de políticas públicas orientadas a promover un embarazo saludable y garantizar el bienestar materno-infantil.
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