Propiedades métricas de la escala de signos y síntomas infodémicos en ancianos brasileños
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Resumen
Introducción. La infodemia favorece la desinformación, provocando graves consecuencias. Así, es necesario evaluar el fenómeno asociado a las infodemias y sus efectos en la salud mental de los individuos.
Objetivo. Construir y analizar la validez y confiabilidad de la estructura interna de la Escala de Signos y Síntomas Infodémicos (ISSS) en adultos mayores; el ISSS fue diseñado para rastrear signos y síntomas indicativos de angustia psicológica asociada con la exposición a información sobre eventos socialmente críticos.
Método. Se trata de un estudio psicométrico de la construcción y validación de un instrumento de medición. Para realizar el estudio, se aplicó el ISSS en línea (encuesta web) y por teléfono a 3 003 ancianos de diferentes regiones de Brasil.
Resultados. El instrumento presenta buena confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach = .97 y omega de McDonald = .97) y excelente replicabilidad del constructo, como lo evidencia el índice de GH (latente = .982 y observada = .884). La evidencia de la calidad y eficacia de las medidas mostró valores altos tanto para el índice de determinación de factores (.991) como para la confiabilidad marginal del EAP (.982), tasa de sensibilidad (7.452) y porcentaje esperado de diferencias verdaderas (98%). También hubo diferencias en la percepción de riesgo del consumo de marihuana, inhalables, alcohol y tabaco.
Discusión y conclusión. El instrumento analizado aquí llena un vacío, ya que no existían instrumentos validados para medir los efectos de la infodemia en la salud mental de las personas mayores. La evidencia analizada indica que el ISSS tiene buena validez de estructura interna y confiabilidad para medir los signos y síntomas de infodemia en personas mayores. El instrumento ayudará a detectar la angustia mental en personas mayores causada por la infodemia en contextos de crisis de emergencia.
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