Energy imbalance and psychosocial imbalance in the construction of child obesity in a marginalized area of Mexico City
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Resumen
Introducción. La obesidad infantil es un fenómeno creciente del cual no quedan exentas las comunidades marginales de la Ciudad de México. Las intervenciones preventivas y remediales son frecuentes, pero sus impactos todavía no son aceptables.
Objetivo. Contribuir a la comprensión del fenómeno creciente de la obesidad y el sobrepeso infantil con una visión de salud comunitaria, que trascienda la visión biológica del problema y mejore las intervenciones.
Método. En su entorno escolar y comunitario observamos y entrevistamos a escolares, unos con obesidad o sobrepeso y otros con índice de masa corporal normal. También entrevistamos a las madres de algunos de ellos. Analizamos estos testimonios y nuestras notas de campo para construir la Teoría Fundamentada producto de este estudio.
Resultados. Encontramos a los niños y sus familias inmersos en un ambiente tóxico que, por múltiples mecanismos, promueve el consumo de alimentos de alta densidad e inhibe la actividad física. Encontramos también que los recursos y habilidades con que las familias podrían resistir a este ambiente son, por lo pronto, muy reducidos.
Discusión y conclusión. Concluimos que el desbalance energético en el cuerpo de los niños con sobrepeso corresponde a un enorme desbalance psicosocial entre las fuerzas que promueven la obesidad y los recursos de las familias que la sufren. Toda intervención preventiva debe tomar en cuenta este desequilibrio psicosocial.
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