Characterization of the Mu rhythm during the sleep of children with autism spectrum disorder level 1
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Resumen
Introducción. El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por dificultades en la comunicación e interacción social. La teoría de la mente (TM) vincula las deficiencias sociales en el TEA con una dificultad para representar los estados mentales de otros. El ritmo Mu (8-13Hz) se ha estudiado como expresión del posible fundamento neuronal de la TM. En el TEA, la reactividad fisiológica del ritmo Mu a eventos motores se ve afectada. Durante el sueño también hay fenómenos relacionados con el procesamiento sensomotor.
Objetivo. Caracterizar el ritmo Mu en el sueño de niños con TEA nivel 1, en edades de seis a 10 años, y compararlo con niños control pareados por edad y sexo.
Método. Registros polisomnográficos durante dos noches consecutivas. Se analizó visualmente el registro de la segunda noche (la primera se consideró de habituación) para identificar y seleccionar segmentos de ritmo Mu a lo largo de ella. Los segmentos extraídos fueron analizados por medio de la transformada rápida de Fourier y posteriormente con pruebas t sobre los datos de C3 y C4.
Resultados. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en los espectros de potencia de C3 y C4 t (1, 144) = 3.038, p = .003 y t (1, 144) = -2.301, p = .023, respectivamente.
Discusión y conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio son consistentes con características morfológicas y topográficas encontradas en estudios hechos durante la vigilia. Los resultados sugieren que el ritmo Mu se estaría generando de manera intrínseca, sin estimulación sensorial externa, y que existe una diferencia en esta generación en población con TEA.
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